Curated and Written by Carolyne King, Ph.D. Candidate in English at the University of Delaware, and Erica L. Ball, Professor of American Studies at California State University, Fullerton. Created for Dr. P. Gabrielle Foreman’s History/English 641 class, Spring, 2016.

Edited by P. Gabrielle Foreman and Sarah Patterson.

Additional contributions: Exhibit Migration 2025-2026 by Christiana Dillard, University of Pennsylvania, and Lauren Cooper, Penn State University.

Special thanks to Gale, a Cengage Company and Accessible Archives Inc.® for granting permission for the use of the materials from 19th Century U.S. Newspaper and African American Newspapers: The 19th Century.

Citation: King, Carolyne and Erica L. Ball. “The “Conventions” of Conventions: Political Rituals and Traditions.” Colored Conventions Project. 2016. https://coloredconventions.org/black-political-practices.

Previous Citation: King, Carolyne and Erica L. Ball. “The “Conventions” of Conventions: Political Rituals and Traditions.” Omeka RSS. 2016. https://coloredconventions.org/exhibits/show/the-performance-of-convention-.