{"id":4736,"date":"2025-05-14T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/?page_id=4736"},"modified":"2026-07-23T17:59:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T17:59:14","slug":"tennessee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/delegates-and-attendees\/tennessee\/","title":{"rendered":"Tennessee"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Andrew J. Flowers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">In 1870, Flowers was elected as Chattanooga\u2019s justice of peace [1]. Klansmen subsequently beat and whipped Flowers for winning. He testified before a congressional hearing in 1871, seeking to address the lawlessness and violence of white terrorists in the South. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] Foner, Eric. <em>Freedom\u2019s Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction,<\/em> Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, p. 75.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Credits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Written by&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/sqdevera.com\">Samantha de Vera<\/a>, University of California, San Diego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Edited by<\/strong>&nbsp;P. Gabrielle Foreman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Acknowledgements:&nbsp;<\/strong>Samantha de Vera and Michelle Byrnes for further edits, visualization contributions, and technical assistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andrew J. Flowers In 1870, Flowers was elected as Chattanooga\u2019s justice of peace [1]. Klansmen subsequently beat and whipped Flowers for winning. He testified before a congressional hearing in 1871, seeking to address the lawlessness and violence of white terrorists in the South. &nbsp; References [1] Foner, Eric. Freedom\u2019s Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4604,"parent":4625,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4736","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4736"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4920,"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4736\/revisions\/4920"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4625"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coloredconventions.org\/hbcus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}